The University of Alabama

The University of Alabama (Alabama or UA) is a public university located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States, and the flagship of the University of Alabama system. Founded in 1831, the AU is one of the oldest and largest universities in Alabama. UA offers programs of study in 13 academic divisions leading to bachelor's, master's, Education Specialist, and doctoral degrees. The law school is only supported publicly in the state is at the UA. Other academic programs unavailable elsewhere in Alabama include doctoral programs in anthropology sciences, communication and information, metallurgical engineering, music, Romance languages, and social work.

As one of the first public universities established in the southwest border of the early 19th century in the United States, the University of Alabama has left a huge cultural footprint in the state, region and nation in the last two centuries. The school was a center of activity during the American Civil War and the civil rights movement of African-American. The program of the University of Alabama football (nicknamed the Crimson Tide), which opened in 1892, it ranks as one of the top 10 winningest programs in US history. In a 1913 speech by then-President George H. Denny he praised the university as the "cornerstone of the system of public education in the state [Alabama]," give the university its current nickname, The Capstone. The University of Alabama has been ranked as one of the top 50 public universities in the nation by US News & World Report


HISTORY

In 1818, Congress authorized the Territory of Alabama-ups to shelve a municipality for the establishment of a "learning seminar". When Alabama was admitted to the Union on December 14, 1819, a second population of the land grant, bringing it to a total of 46,000 acres (186 km²) it was added. The General Assembly of Alabama established the seminary on December 18, 1820, he named "The University of the State of Alabama" and created a Board to manage the construction and operation of the university. The board chose a place that was then outside the city limits of Tuscaloosa, the state capital at the time as the site of the school. The new campus was designed by William Nichols, also the architect of the Capitol Building Alabama State recently concluded and Christ Episcopal Church. Influenced by the plan of Thomas Jefferson at the University of Virginia, the campus designed Nichols featured a 70-foot (21 m) wide, 70 feet (21 m) tall domed rotunda that served as the library and the core of the campus. [8] the statutes of the university introduced the first president of the university in the nave of the Episcopal Church of Christ. UA opened its doors to students on April 18, 1831, with the Reverend Alva Woods as president.

An academy style institution during the pre-war period, the university emphasized the classics and the social and natural sciences. There were about 100 students per year at the UA in the 1830s, however, as Alabama was a border state and a considerable amount of territory still in the hands of several Native American tribes until the 1840s, he lacked the infrastructure to adequately prepare students for the rigors of college education. Consequently, only a fraction of students who enrolled in the first years remained enrolled for graduate long and even less. [9] who graduated, however, often they had distinguished careers in Alabama and national politics. The first graduates include Benjamin F. Porter and Alexander Meek.

As they matured the state and the university, an active literary culture developed on campus and in Tuscaloosa. UA had one of the largest libraries in the country on the eve of the Civil War with more than 7,000 volumes. There were several flourishing literary societies, including Erosophic and societies Phi Beta Kappa, often had lectures by such distinguished political and literary figures as Supreme Court of the United States Court Justice John A. Campbell, novelist William Gilmore Simms, and professor Frederick Barnard (later president of Columbia University). Addresses societies reveal a vibrant intellectual culture in Tuscaloosa; Slavers also illustrate the ideas that were so important to the university and the state.

Discipline and student behavior was a major topic at the university almost from the day it opened. The first presidents tried to enforce strict rules regarding the behavior. Students were forbidden to drink, insults, making unauthorized off campus, or playing musical instruments outside a time frame of one hour visits. However, riots and shootings were not a rare occurrence. To combat the problem of severe discipline, president Landon Garland lobbied and received approval from the legislature in 1860 to transform the university into a military school.

Many of the cadets who graduated from the school went on to serve as officers in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. As a result of this role, Union troops burned the school on April 4, 1865 (only 5 days before Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House on April 9), which was unrelated to the Sherman march to the sea several months earlier and farther east, in Georgia. Despite a call to arms and defense by the student body cadets, only four buildings survived the burning: the president's mansion (1841), Gorgas House (1829), Little Round House (1860), and the Old Observatory (1844). The university reopened in 1871 and in 1880, Congress granted the university 40,000 acres (162 km²) of land coal partial compensation for $ 250,000 in war damages.

The University of Alabama allowed the female students beginning in 1892. The Board of Directors allows female students largely because Julia S. Tutwiler, provided they are over eighteen years and be allowed to enter the sophomore class after completing his first year at another school and pass an exam. Ten women Livingston School Tutwiler enrolled for the fall semester 1893. In 1897, women were allowed to enroll as freshmen.

During World War II, UA was one of 131 colleges and universities nationwide have participated in the training program of college Navy V-12, which students offered a path to a commission Navy war.

The first attempt to integrate the university came in 1956 when Lucy Autherine registered successfully on February 3 as a graduate student in library science after obtaining a court order preventing the university to reject his application on the basis of the race. In view of the violent protests against his attendance, Lucy was suspended (and later expelled from flat) three days later by the board of directors on the basis of failing to provide a safe learning for her. The university is not successfully integrated until 1963, when Vivian Malone and James Hood registered for classes on June 11.


Foster Auditorium and Malone-Hood Square today. Lucy Clock Tower is in the foreground.
Governor George Wallace made his infamous "stand in the schoolhouse door", standing at the main entrance of Foster Auditorium, in a symbolic attempt to stop enrollment Malone and Hood. When confronted with US Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach and sent by Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy federal agents, Wallace stepped aside. President John F. Kennedy had ordered the integration of the University of Alabama, too. Although the chapel left school after two months, then he returned and in 1997, received his doctorate in philosophy. Malone persisted in his studies and became the first African American to graduate from college. In 2000, the university awarded him a doctorate in humane letters. the expulsion of Autherine Lucy was revoked in 1980, and she successfully re-enrolled and graduated with a master's degree in 1992. Later in his life, Wallace apologized for his opposition at that time to racial integration. In 2010, the university formally honored Lucy, Hood and Malone by renaming the square in front of Foster Auditorium as Malone-Hood Plaza and erect a clock tower - Autherine Lucy Clock Tower - in the square.

On April 27, 2011, Tuscaloosa was hit by a tornado with a rating of at least EF4 on the Fujita scale improved. The tornado left a trail of utter destruction, and delivered the campus. Six students living on premises outside the enclosure, death was confirmed by the university. Due to the damage of the infrastructure of the city (approx. 12% of the city) and the loss of life, the university canceled the remainder of the spring semester and postpone graduation

Campus

From a small campus of seven buildings in the desert, on the main road between Tuscaloosa and Huntsville (now University Boulevard) in the 1830s, UA has grown 1,970 acres (800 ha) to a massive campus in the heart of Tuscaloosa today . There are 297 buildings on campus that contain approximately 10,600,000 square feet (980,000 m2) of space. [15] The school recently added 168 acres to its campus after buying the property Bryce Hospital in 2010. It also plans to acquire more land to cope with the continuous growth of enrollment.

The university also maintains the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa East Arboretum and the Dauphin Island Sea Lab in Dauphin Island, off the Gulf Coast of Alabama. In 2011, the Sustainable Endowments Institute gave the university a scorecard college sustainability "B +".

The campus is anchored about four times that of 22 acres (8.9 hectares), located on the site of the original campus designed by William Nichols. The Quad is about the same size as the original campus and is located approximately in the geographical center of the modern campus (although recent asymmetric expansion of the campus north and east has shifted the exact geographical center distance). It is cut in half by a line connecting the Gorgas Library at the north end and Denny Chimes, a bell tower equipped with a carillon 25 bells in the south. The west side of the Quad is filled by a forest of trees while the east side of the Quad is open.

Academic buildings are grouped into smaller groups and quads surrounding the main Quad itself. Woods courtyard, located immediately north of the main Quad, was the center of the campus after the Civil War rebuilt before the center moved back to the quad. Woods Quad is home to Clark Hall, home to the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and the houses of several of the fine arts and humanities departments. East of Quad, buildings historically housed the departments of natural sciences and mathematics, before more modern facilities opened in the northeast of the campus. (Today, only the departments of physics and astronomy, mathematics and psychology calls the courtyard house.) Engineering row, the traditional home of the departments of the Faculty of Engineering, is located northeast. Northwest of the Quad are human dwellings and buildings departments of social sciences. West of the Quad buildings are schools of business and education. Finally, the Faculty of Information and Communication, the College of Human Environmental Sciences, and the School of Social Work Quad flanking the south west to east, respectively.

As the university has grown more academic buildings have moved farther from the Quad. Complex Science and Engineering in the northeastern periphery of the campus will house many science and engineering departments. The facilities of the School of Law at the School of Music (a division of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences), the College of Nursing and the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Community are at the edges of Far East campus. The College of Continuing Education is in Parham Hall further south of the Quad.

Farther from the Quad are support services to students and research centers that are not vital for everyday needs of students. Ferguson Center, commonly known as "Ferg" is the student center on campus, and is located north woods yard. The three main dining rooms are on the south side of the campus (Lakeside dining in the north and in the south Refectory Burke) and north and near Rodgers Library (fresh food dining). Most residences are located in the north and south sides of campus. platforms commuter parking, located on the periphery of the site, as well as recreational facilities for students, such as intramural fields and the Campus Recreation Center.

Sports facilities generally flank the edges of south eastern end and away from the campus. Bryant-Denny Stadium is located in the southwest corner of the campus and Coleman Coliseum is on the southeastern edge of the campus, near the law school.


The entire campus has served since 2007 by the bus system CrimsonRide